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Sobre José Antonio Abreu, creador del Sistema Nacional de Orquestas: la paradoja de morir en silencio – América 2.1
Su figura quedó tiznada por la inexplicable tolerancia que tuvo hacia el régimen bolivariano, un silencio lo suficiente largo como para provocar que su mayor legado, el Sistema Nacional de Orquestas, quedara impregnado de una agria equidistancia. Un silencio incómodo. Políticamente incómodo. Sin embargo, la muerte del músico y economista José Antonio Abreu , premio Príncipe de Asturias de las Artes (2008) y creador de uno de los programas de educación e integración musical más importantes, marca el fin de un ciclo.
Curioso que un hombre que hizo de la música, de la belleza que produce esa sinfonía de 350.000 jóvenes que salieron de la pobreza a través de la enseñanza musical, haya convertido el silencio en actitud política durante sus últimos años de vida. Más allá de las circunstancias ideológicas, José Antonio Abreu ha sido uno de los músicos más importantes y de mayor trascendencia de la cultura musical venezolana. Fue reconocido por la Unesco, y honrado con la Orden del Sol Naciente, el Premio de Música Polar, otorgado por la Real Academia Sueca de Música , junto a otros reconocimientos. Su mayor legado tiene como símbolo la creación de un programa de inclusión a través de la música. Creado por Abreu en 1975, este tiene como objetivo combatir la pobreza a través de la enseñanza de la música, lo que hizo que las posibilidades de estudiar música clásica se extendieran a toda la población y ha sido replicado en varios lugares del mundo.
Una de sus figuras más destacadas y principal continuador de su legado fue Gustavo Dudamel. Producto más visible de la orquesta nacional, hoy destaca como uno de los principales directores de orquesta en el mundo. Sin embargo, Dudamel es visto no sin acritud en su propio terruño, en buena medida, por la misma actitud neutra que mantuvo, como Abreu , tanto con el gobierno de Hugo Chávez como el de Nicolás Maduro, quienes convirtieron el Sistema Nacional de Orquestas en una de las pocas perchas culturales a lo largo de 20 años de gobierno.
El Sistema Nacional de Orquestas fue, sin embargo, producto del trabajo de Abreu y la democracia venezolana . Primero con la creación del organismo, vía decreto, en 1964, durante el gobierno de Rómulo Betancourt . Su concreción se produjo en 1975, durante el primero gobierno de Carlos Andrés Pérez, y se dio a conocer internacionalmente en 1995 con la actuación de la Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional Juvenil en el Kennedy Center de Washington (EE.UU.). Su destacada calidad artística ha llevado a las Orquestas del Sistema por todo el mundo, llegando a actuar en la sede de las Naciones Unidas, en Nueva York, y ante el Papa Juan Pablo II.
Algunos de los más prestigiosos directores como Claudio Abbado , Eduardo Mata, Zubin Mehta, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Daniel Barenboim , James Judd, Sir Simón Rattle, Gustavo Dudamel, actual director de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Los Ángeles (USA ) y que se formó en este sistema, han dirigido a estos jóvenes, que han tenido la oportunidad de actuar con figuras de la talla de Bronislaw Gimpel, Plácido Domingo, Mstislav Rostropóvich, Daniel Barenboim, Alicia de Larrocha, Montserrat Caballé o Luciano Pavarotti, entre otros muchos.
El Sistema cuenta con una red de 120 orquestas juveniles y 60 orquestas infantiles, con un número de aproximadamente 350.000 jóvenes . La organización incluye también talleres para niños y jóvenes, en los que aprenden a construir y reparar instrumentos y programas especiales para chicos con discapacidades o dificultades de aprendizaje, como el Coro de Manos Blancas, compuesto por niños sordos.
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