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¡Salvar al general Sherman! – América 2.1 No se trata, por supuesto, del héroe estadounidense William Tecumseh Sherman sino de la sequoia majestuosa que en un parque nacional de California rinde tributo a quien fue quizás el jefe militar más importante de la Guerra de Secesión y se ha salvado de colapsar bajo las llamas gracias a una operación de emergencia, envuelta en láminas aislantes de aluminio.
General Sherman
Al menos hasta ahora… pues junto a los bosques de Grecia y Portugal, se está haciendo banal que en cada verano las reservas forestales del estado más poderoso de la Unión atraigan la atención mundial por la recurrencia de pavorosos incendios que mantienen en vigencia la amenaza sobre más de dos mil colosos vegetales que lograron atravesar toda suerte de adversidades en el curso de treinta siglos.
En el Bosque Gigante, el General Sherman – sequoia bautizada por el naturalista James Wolverton en honor al estratega bajo cuyas órdenes sirvió con rango de teniente de caballería- despliega sus 83 metros de envergadura con gallardía similar a la del vencedor de Atlanta.
Sequoias gigantes de California amenazadas por las llamas , foto Mark Ralston AFP
Aunque no sea el más elevado porque aún lo supera su vecino, el Hyperion, con 115.5 metros de altura, sí es considerado el ser viviente del planeta con mayor cantidad de biomasa por el enorme perímetro -31 metros- de su tronco, según Wikipedia.
Humo se desprende del parque nacional de sequoias. Foto AP
Siempre de acuerdo a esa Biblia moderna, su corteza tiene más de un metro de grosor y crece anualmente cerca de 1.5 centímetros, la longitud de sus ramas alcanza los 40 metros y pesa más de dos mil toneladas, una por cada año que recientes mediciones establecieron como su edad.
Su especie está, por fortuna, adaptada para resistir al fuego que incluso les ayuda a reproducirse porque, cual máquina de popcorn , dispara sus granos estimulada por el calor; naturalmente, si las llamas no rebasan una cierta intensidad, como es ahora el caso, alentadas por la sequía, las tormentas estivales y el calentamiento global, para arrasar el pasado año la décima parte de la población de sequoias gigantes.
Y como triste consuelo, tras constatar que solo en el quinquenio 2015-2020 ardieron dos tercios del área, superando con creces el daño de todo el siglo anterior, las autoridades han expresado optimismo ante la desaparición de la maleza rastrera que solía nutrir las candelas, impidiendo ahora que devoren las ramas más próximas al suelo, a 30 metros de altura.
Bomberos protegen la zona donde está el árbol histórico, foto National Park Service -AFP-Getty Images
Es una curiosa paradoja, como si la naturaleza pasara una factura tardía, porque los historiadores del general destacan su capacidad organizativa y un valor sin parangón, hasta ubicarlo en el panteón de los grandes militares junto a Napoleón, Rommel o Alejandro Magno, pero critican el procedimiento de tierra arrasada en que basó su estrategia, quemando de manera sistemática e implacable sus poblados y campos de cultivo para matar de hambre a los insurrectos y abreviar las penurias de una guerra que, según consignó en documentos de notable calidad literaria, aborrecía.
Varsovia, octubre 2021
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