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China a vuelo de pájaro – América 2.1 Las noticias que llegan desde China sobre la expansión de la vida silvestre como resultado de las políticas conservacionistas del gobierno de Beijing son dignas de atención en sintonía con los cambios profundos que experimenta la sociedad del coloso asiático.
Gaviotas cola negra , foto: WeChat
Según las estadísticas oficiales, el país aloja 1.445 especies de aves, más que ningún otro en el mundo, el 16.6 de la fauna global; cada primavera desde 1981 se celebra la Semana del Ave, y en el resto del año tienen lugar campañas educativas a escala nacional para incentivar la protección y sistematizar el conocimiento de las rutas migratorias, mediante elprocedimiento de bandaje con un anillo metálico, que ha permitido desde entonces registrar casi tres millones de ejemplares de 700 especies.
Grullas de cuello negro en la reserva natural de Zhaotong, foto Xinhua
Son suficientemente interesantes las informaciones del regreso de millares de garcetas, pájaros carpinteros y gaviotas cola-negra a la región de Rongcheng en la provincia oriental de Shandong, junto a otras especies migratorias como los cisnes gritones que vuelan desde Siberia en el invierno, pero más aún el cambio societal que el China Daily registra en la provincia de Shanghai, derivado del auge de la observación animal.
Un hobby cada vez más popular en China .Foto Gao Erqiang-China Daily
Armados con cámaras fotográficas y binoculares, los aficionados recorren largas distancias y dedican jornadas interminables a captar nuevas especies entre las 430 que allí existen –un tercio del total nacional- mientras decenas de padres con hijos escolares se inscriben en eventos organizados en locaciones ahora populares como el Parque Century en Pudong y el Parque Forestal Gongqing.
Ojo blanco japonés, foto Gao Erqiang-China Daily]
Se aprovecha que los bajíos donde el río Yangtze desemboca en el Mar de China Oriental sirven de escala para las aves en sus viajes de primavera y otoño desde el norte de Asia al Sudeste asiático y Australia y, sobre todo, el incremento de una clase media educada y ecológicamente activa que en cierto modo ha retomado la tradición que durante siglos estuvo reservada a los círculos aristocráticos.
Avistamiento de aves en familia . Foto Gao Erqiang-China Daily
Son rancias costumbres que van cambiando a medida que las comunidades locales perciben la mejoría de sus niveles de vida, como revela el caso de un vecino de las montañas Gaoligong en la provincia de Yunan, que se alimentó con la cacería de pájaros la mayor parte de sus 52 años y ahora vive de la recepción de turistas que acuden a fotografiar algunas de las 520 especies censadas en su región.
Desde que los primeros curiosos llegaron a fines del pasado siglo, la observación ha devenido tan productiva que más de sesenta vecinos destruyeron sus resorteras e instalaron una veintena de posadas que obtienen ganancias anuales de 2.3 millones de dólares año, del centenar de visitantes chinos y del mundo entero que arriban cada día en la estación pico.
Un vigilante patrulla un refugio para aves en la provincia de Guizhou, Foto: Xinhua
Y en otras provincias ya es historia la bárbara costumbre de encender hogueras a lo largo de las rutas migratorias para confundir a las aves y enredarlas, porque los agricultores actúan ahora como guardias forestales de la ley de protección de la fauna salvaje, promulgada en 1988, que establece multas e incluso prisión, y se reciclan al ecoturismo y la explotación de hierbas medicinales de elevado valor comercial.
Varsovia, abril 2022.
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