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¡Adiós, microplásticos! – América 2.1
Los microplásticos son pequeñísimas partículas resultantes del monstruoso volumen de botellas, neumáticos y ropa sintética que utilizamos cada día y van a parar a la mar, provocan la muerte de las especies que lo habitan y, como se ha descubierto en fecha más reciente, de nosotros mismos, porque lo ingerimos sin comprender el peligro que plantean a la salud.
Microplásticos. FOTO ALEXANDER STEIN JOKER-ULLSTEIN BILD-GETTY IMAGES
Una auténtica pesadilla, cuando se sabe que sólo se recicla la décima parte de las 300 millones de toneladas de plástico que producimos año tras año y que, según observaciones recientes, el Gran Basurero del Pacífico contiene ya dieciséis veces más que los estimados precedentes, adjudicándose el dudoso premio a la mayor de las cinco acumulaciones de porquerías generadas por la convergencia de corrientes marinas entre Hawaii y California.
Un gran reto frente a los innovadores: mejor sería dejar de botarlo
Ahora, su fin pudiera estar cercano, gracias a numerosas investigaciones en los laboratorios mundiales y, en este caso concreto, a la invención de un minúsculo pez-robot biónico, capaz de autopropulsarse en torno a las densas masas de basura que contaminan los océanos, para, literalmente, devorarlas.
2/06/2022 Aspecto del nuevo micro-robot con aspecto de pez movio por luz y que recoge microplástico POLITICA INVESTIGACIÓN Y TECNOLOGÍA WANG ET AL. /NANO LETTERS
Es lo que ha conocido la revista especializada Nano Letters en el Instituto de Investigaciones de Polímeros de la Universidad de Sichuan, China: un artilugio blando y flexible de apenas trece milímetros que navega impulsado por un sistema láser en su cola y gira a una velocidad de 30 milímetros por segundo, similar a la del plancton que pulula en las aguas del planeta.
Del mar llegó, precisamente, la inspiración a los investigadores chinos que reprodujeron el nácar que tapiza el interior de las conchas perlíferas en un cuerpo flexible que soporta hasta cinco kilos de peso y puede absorber las partículas flotantes, porque los tintes orgánicos, los antibióticos y los metales pesados contenidos en los microplásticos mantienen fuertes lazos químicos e interacciones electrostáticas con los materiales del mini-robot y emergen a la superficie para ser eliminados sin problema.
Sistema para extraer los microplásticos
Con la virtud añadida de una altísima capacidad regenerativa que prolonga su vida útil y reduce su costo, ya que puede continuar su trabajo hasta en el caso de sufrir averías mientras faena en mares tormentosos, aunque la directora del proyecto advierte que estamos apenas en un periodo experimental en que el micro-pez sólo puede moverse en la superficie y se necesitarán todavía otras pruebas para hacerlo efectivo debajo del agua.
Spray de origen vegetal
Mientras tanto, en el Centro de Investigaciones de Nanociencia y Materiales Avanzados de la Rutgers University, Ohio, trabajan en una alternativa a los envoltorios plásticos de alimentos: un recubrimiento spray de origen vegetal, hostil a los agentes patógenos e incluso más resistente que los envases actuales a los daños que acarrea su transporte; y PLANETA VITAL registraba el hallazgo de una novel investigadora del Reed College en Oregon, USA, de microbios que degradan los polietilenos tereftalatos, uno de los plásticos más comunes, empleados en vestidos, botellas de refresco y empaques de alimentos que, hasta ahora, tomaban siglos para desintegrarse.
Un gran reto frente a los innovadores: mejor sería dejar de botarlo
Podríamos estar ahora cercanos a la solución de un problema colosal gracias a esos minúsculos titanes de la nanotecnología que combaten la práctica – habitual en el último medio siglo, de pasar alegremente el problema de los plásticos a las siguientes generaciones- para reciclar los desechos como ejemplo de economía circular, con el éxito pendiente, por supuesto, de su valor económico de mercado.
Varsovia, Julio de 2022.
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