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Coixet: El triunfo de la acrasia – América 2.1
Isabel Coixet E l concepto de ‘acrasia’ surge de un debate en la filosofía antigua sobre si es posible actuar en contra de lo que se sabe que es bueno. En Protágoras, Platón escribió que el filósofo griego Sócrates no creía que esto fuera posible porque todas nuestras acciones voluntarias son producto de la razón. Según este punto de vista, alguien que decide hacer algo debe haberlo juzgado como lo mejor que podía hacer en ese momento. «Quien aprende lo que es bueno y lo que es malo nunca se dejará llevar por nada para actuar de otra manera que no sea lo que le indica el conocimiento», dijo Sócrates al filósofo Protágoras. Es decir, una vez que sabes qué acciones son virtuosas, buenas, razonables y llenas de sentido común, ¿por qué harías otra cosa?
El sufrido ciudadano, haciendo honor a su propia y particular acrasia, tampoco protesta demasiado por la acrasia de sus gobernantes Y, sin embargo, cada día hacemos cosas que van directamente endetrimento de nuestra salud (mental y física), de nuestros intereses y hasta de los intereses de los que nos rodean. Compramos cosas que no necesitamos; tiramos comida intacta porque no la hemos cocinado a tiempo; nos enemistamos con aquellos que apreciamos (y no, paradójicamente, con los que no podemos aguantar); votamos por partidos que claramente nunca van a defender los ideales que se supone sostenemos; y boicoteamos cualquier cosa que igual nos vendría bien con las excusas más peregrinas. ¿Qué nos ocurre? ¿Somos simplemente demasiado débiles, demasiado tontos, demasiado masoquistas? ¿Es la acrasia una prueba de la existencia de una voluntad distinta de la razón o simplemente una variante menos freak de «las voces me pidieron hacerlo»? Tomemos como ejemplo las adicciones. Hoy en día la adicción se considera una enfermedad crónica, recurrente, una enfermedad cerebral, implícita, compulsiva, lo cual ofendería a Sócrates. En el origen de este modelo hay un movimiento, diríamos de ‘medicalización’ de la moral, en el sentido de que la psiquiatría ha despojado a las autoridades morales de sus prerrogativas. El alcohólico bebe, el drogadicto se droga y el enfermo mental puede resultar peligroso (para sí mismo y para los demás) porque su cerebro no le deja ejecutar otra conducta. A nivel global, la acrasia está a la orden del día. Continuamente la realidad nos devuelve un espejo que rezuma acrasia. Según las encuestas, las próximas elecciones al Parlamento Europeo las van a ganar los partidos de ultraderecha europea, esos que justamente desearían ver a Europa deshecha. Ninguno de los conflictos candentes que hay en este momento en el mundo va a acabar bien: todos los implicados de una manera u otra, ganen o pierdan, van a salir perjudicados y mucho peor que cuando empezó el conflicto; hay heridas que no se cierran nunca. Y tenemos ejemplos dolorosamente cercanos. Acabamos de pasar las semanas con las más altas temperaturas del siglo y no veo que se aceleren las conversaciones entre Estados para poner remedio a esto que nos va a costar la supervivencia como especie. En la ciudad en donde vivo hay anuncios por todas partes en los que se nos recuerda que hay sequía, un término de resonancias bíblicas y, sin embargo, tenemos que seguir soportando vacíos discursos identitarios, insulsas y constantesrencillas de patio de colegio que no aportan nada relevante a la vida del sufrido ciudadano que, haciendo honor a su propia y particular acrasia, tampoco protesta demasiado por la acrasia de sus gobernantes. ¿Cómo dejar de ser nuestros peores enemigos? Ojalá supiera cómo. Lo único que sé es que hay que seguir intentándolo.
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