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Masas que se suicidan – América 2.1
Depende. Distintos factores llevan a la autodestrucción fascista. Entre muchos modelos cabe destacar el nefasto ejemplo aquí utilizado como clara muestra pedagógica.
Los imperios zaristas teocráticos y soviéticos de partido único se rigieron por el totalitarismo monárquico absoluto. Pero es en la Alemania Nazi donde el mecanismo se autorretrató muy claro, confeso, después convicto y castigado en los Juicios de Nuremberg y de Jerusalem contra Eichmann.
Por mayoritaria elección resentida con base en su histórico nacionalismo -el imperio austrohúngaro que dominó al continente europeo desde 1867 hasta 1918- su pérdida del poder político durante la Primera Guerra Mundial y la pandemia de la Gripe Española que consideraron merecido castigo del supremo poder celestial protector del nuevo líder . Su lema obligatorio para civiles y militares durante su larga campaña electoral fue “Alemania por encima de todo. Heil Hitler ”. A fuego lento y fijo, se empoderaron de todas las instituciones antiguas y recientes. El pueblo elector decidió su destino totalitario y el de casi todo el continente para siete criminales años. Cualquier semejanza o copia con sucesos actuales -a izquierdas y derechas mundiales- no es pura casualidad ni coincidencia.
Porque la conducta de las masas obedece a diversas causas. Domina el voto por los ocasionales bolsillos rotos y la ignorancia sostenida en una educación basal –primaria y secundaria– que se limita a informar la superficie de heroicos, bélicos triunfos locales y regionales, omitiendo la formación ética, cívica, moralista, que educa para el respeto de la opinión ajena y exige que en esas aulas y programas pedagógicos, se describa al detalle y memorice las dificultades que sorteó el mundo occidental hasta cuando pudo alcanzar el privilegio democrático de elegir a sus autoridades con base en su capacidad profesional para gobernar con máxima eficiencia y aplicando rotundo castigo a quienes transgreden leyes democráticas constitucionales. Casos como el estadounidense presente, el israelí por su actual coalición ultrarreligiosa y el venezolano desde hace 25 años por la dictadura castrochavista.
Sigmund Freud, una de sus víctimas, clamó siempre por un psicoanálisis colectivo politizado que evitara estas catástrofes modernas, también Elías Canetti, autor de Masa y Poder (1960), hondo estudio de Antropología Social sobre la centuria XX que noveló George Orwell satirizando tamaño desastre desde Rebeliones en la granja (1945). Nadie o pocos lo tomaron en serio hasta Eichmman en Jerusalem (1963), donde Hannah Arendt comprueba que la “banalidad del mal” es un odio segregador capaz de convertir a la maldad en burocracia partidista dominante con la complicidad masiva de todo un país.
Asusta, duele, aterroriza, molesta mucho reconocerlo, pero evidencias diarias del siglo XXI lo confirman. Solo la sumatoria de reacciones activas contrarias, individuales, hasta configurar una masa rebelde de conducta contraria, pudiera salvar a la humanidad, ahora globalmente animalizada.
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