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Carlos Granés: Los caprichos decoloniales – América 2.1
Por alguna razón los estadounidenses son proclives a ver ovnis y extraterrestres, mientras los latinoamericanos somos mucho más sensibles a las apariciones de la virgen. En la España barroca era frecuente ver brujas, y en los tiempos de Colón, una vez sus navegantes tocaron costas americanas, se vieron innumerables prodigios que antes habían leído en novelas de caballería o en la Biblia. Los contenidos y categorías que tenemos en la mente encausan la mirada, condicionan lo que vemos. El tolerante Montaigne veía un mundo diverso, lleno de plasticidad donde cualquier gesto se convertía en una legítima costumbre, desde limpiarse los dedos al comer en los muslos, el escroto o las plantas de los pies, hasta cortarse las uñas de la mano derecha y dejarse largas las de la izquierda, por ser una muestra de elegancia. Hoy los poscolonialistas se han especializado en ver lo contrario : no la variedad del mundo sino una cosa concreta: la perversidad occidental.
Se comprueba en ‘La memoria colonial’, la actual exhibición del Thyssen, cuyos curadores exhiben gran olfato para detectar opresiones ejercidas por la mirada occidental . El ejercicio es sano y bienintencionado –qué exposición no es bienintencionada hoy en día– pero en muchos casos forzado. Para ver opresión en los cuadros expuestos realmente hay que aguzar la vista, como en ese paraíso terrenal pintado por Brueghel el viejo, que resulta estar legitimando la explotación natural por parte de los europeos, o en el biombo que aparece en la pintura de François Boucher, que resulta ser una caricaturización de lo asiático como poco viril y femenino. Los paisajes esplendorosos no exaltan la belleza de parajes remotos; sirven para «enmascarar la violencia de la realidad colonial». Y la mujer del trópico, representada por el occidental, es siempre un ornamento o un objeto lúbrico. Cuando aparecen negros trabajando en el campo, la imagen normaliza la esclavitud; pero si aparecen descansando, fomentan el estereotipo de vagancia. Hagan lo que hagan, los personajes de los cuadros confirman la hipótesis de la exhibición.
El decolonialismo es un narcisismo inverso donde el único que cuenta, así sea por sus pecados, es el europeo. En los cuadros pueden aparecer nativos de medio mundo pero el protagonismo lo tiene quien los pintó, el perverso marco moral que legitimó la explotación. Occidente rasga así sus vestiduras, un gesto que en España puede ser inofensivo, pero que en Latinoamérica arrastra consecuencias nocivas. Siembra la idea de que somos víctimas perpetuas de Occidente, y que por eso mismo nos conviene prescindir de su nefasta modernidad. Para qué la ciencia, si tenemos saberes ancestrales; para qué el capitalismo, si destruye la naturaleza; para qué una democracia institucional y derechos humanos, si son el instrumento con el que Europa nos sojuzga. Esto ya lo dicen Bukele y Daniel Ortega. Cuando sale del museo, el capricho biempensante hace poco por traer el progreso, así suene progresista.
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