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Cuando los tiranos se ocultan – América 2.1 Curioso destino el de los refugios subterráneos que los tiranos de todas las épocas suelen erigir para defender a sus ciudadanos, según dicen, y que les sirven, más bien, para huir, cuando llegan al colmo la paciencia y la ingenuidad de ese mismo pueblo al que pregonan amar y proteger.
Así, la red de bunkers que Adolfo Hitler levantó en la frontera con Polonia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en previsión del ataque de la Unión Soviética, se rindió sin disparar un solo tiro en el invierno de 1945 por la desbandada del ejército alemán, y provee hoy al Estado polonés de un saludable ingreso por concepto del turismo que acude a visitar esas monstruosas instalaciones a un centenar de metros bajo tierra, donde se dilapidaron millones de toneladas del concreto más resistente.
O del escondrijo que se construyó en aquellos mismos días en Hamburgo, para refugiar a los 30 mil vecinos del barrio de Wilhelmsburg, cuando los bombardeos aliados comenzaron a golpear sin misericordia al Reich hitleriano; fabricado con un material a prueba de milenios que resistió una y mil veces los intentos de dinamitarlo, quedó como botadero de desechos y asilo de vagabundos, hasta que un grupo de arquitectos decidió transformarlo en central de energía térmica.
Para ello se embutió en una de las paredes laterales de dos metros de espesor una planta de calefacción que funcionará con biomasa mientras paneles solares que cubren el techo y otra de sus fachadas almacenarán el agua que requieren las casas de la urbanización.
El concepto fundamental del proyecto es que las ciudades, que consumen el 80% de los recursos disponibles a escala global, pueden y tienen que hacer algo más que devorar de manera parasitaria la energía que importan de las plantas periféricas, y que pueden administrarse autónomamente.
El objetivo de Wessel y sus colegas es hacer de Hamburgo libre de toda contaminación por carbón y suplir la electricidad con medios renovables en quince años, y para 2050 toda la calefacción que demanda un distrito tan dinámico que se extiende a las márgenes del río Elba.
Y también allí se anuncia para 2021 la apertura de un formidable hotel de 136 habitaciones sobre las ruinas del bunker de St.Pauli, uno más del millar que el Tercer Reich levantó en su decenio de terror y sirvió de abrigo cuando los bombardeos aliados devastaron en mayo de 1945 el pujante puerto sobre el Báltico.
El bunker en 1945 y como lucirá pronto
Hotel en St. Pauli
El edificio sirvió de central televisiva en los años 60, después como taller de músicos y artistas y de animado centro cultural de conciertos y night-clubs y ahora, junto a la belleza que significarán los casi cinco mil árboles plantados en su azotea, un área de exhibición establecerá el contraste con el origen de su construcción, para hacer más visible y transparente su siniestro pasado, según los promotores.
Sí, definitivamente, deberían los dictadores dedicar algo de su tiempo al estudio de la historia, antes de embarcarse en planes ingenieriles tan costosos y, sobre todo inútiles a la hora de poner pies en polvorosa…
Varsovia, octubre 2020
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