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La lógica cultural del dadaísmo tardío – América 2.1
Todavía no se tiene conciencia plena de la influencia del dadaísmo», decía George Steiner en ‘Gramáticas de la creación’, y estoy seguro de que acertaba. Steiner rastreaba al dadaísmo no sólo en la producción cultural del siglo XX, sino en la deconstrucción y la posmodernidad, esa jeringonza académica tan incomprensible y destructiva como los poemas del dadaísta Hugo Ball. El culto al absurdo también era dadá, como el anarquismo de los hippies y sus protestas callejeras convertidas en ‘performance’. El infantilismo dadá, con su risa corrosiva, con la descarga humorística que desacralizaba las grandes obras y a los grandes hombres, que igualaba la gesta expresiva del niño con la del genio consumado, marcó de forma insospechada la sensibilidad y la escala de valores de Occidente.
El comunismo fracasó y fue sepultado, pero en cambio el dadaísmo que se coció en los ambientes zuriqueses que frecuentó Lenin, triunfó en silencio y sigue vivo. Steiner, de no haber muerto, quizá estaría siguiendo la evolución de esa gesta nihilista. Quizá, incluso, se habría dado cuenta de los cambios que ha sufrido la cruzada vanguardista que surgió en 1916, en el Cabaret Voltaire, y quizá habría advertido que asistimos hoy a un dadaísmo tardío, a una nueva etapa en la que el infantilismo sanador que promovieron Tristán Tzara y sus compinches sigue vigente, pero ya no como expresión jocosa y pícara, ni como crítica escatológica e insurrecta, sino como un lamento y una queja. El niño ya no es un ser irracional y lúdico, sino un joven hipersensible que ve amenazas y ofensas en su entorno: en el humor, en el lenguaje, en los clásicos.
El dadaísta tardío padece microagresiones y necesita espacios seguros y ‘trigger warnings’. Bajo su armadura de guerrero social, anida una víctima que anhela bajar los brazos, recibir cuidados y abdicar de la responsabilidad adulta. Los dadaístas originales, surgidos en medio de la Primera Guerra Mundial, aborrecieron la civilización que se había mostrado dócil, incluso cómplice, con el avance de los tanques, y reaccionaron emprendiendo una labor higiénica que arrasara por completo con la alta cultura europea. El dadaísta tardío no padece la guerra en casa, pero intuye que su sociedad ha sido corrompida por fuerzas opresivas, privilegios injustos, hombres blancos de mentes colonizadoras.
Y ellos, como víctimas de ese mundo espeluznante, han emprendido una cruzada similar: no se ríen ni hacen obras irreverentes, pero sí cancelan, purifican, exigen renuncias. Ball decía que los dadaístas eran «niños en pañales de una nueva época». Hoy sus descendientes podrían decir que son víctimas tardías de una época opresiva. Ambos comparten un marco mental semejante, el del moralista que identifica la ignominia moral, la causa de todos los males, y se siente legitimado para destruir la cultura que encarna el vicio. Todos ellos, dadaístas tempranos y tardíos, recitan o acampan junto a una hoguera, donde se consumen los pecados de la civilización occidental.
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