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La nostalgia histórica: reflexiva o restaurativa – América 2.1 Valla propagandística en Cienfuegos . IPS
La nostalgia es una emoción compleja que puede tener efectos tanto positivos como negativos en nuestra vida . Según Svetlana Boym —una teórica literaria rusoamericana— hay dos tipos de nostalgia : la reflexiva y la restaurativa. La nostalgia reflexiva se refiere a la capacidad de mirar hacia atrás en el pasado sin lentes color de rosa. La nostalgia restaurativa, busca traer de vuelta una era dorada idealizada que conduce a la confusión .
La nostalgia restaurativa ha sido explotada por políticos de todo el mundo que recrean un pasado glorioso para justificar el presente. Esta tendencia persiste hasta el día de hoy en regímenes nacionalistas y supremacistas como el de Cuba . Esta nostalgia histórica tiene como objetivo traer de vuelta una supuesta época de oro; pero ¿de oro para quién? ¿A expensas de qué grupos de la sociedad?
Las llamadas conquistas de la Revolución, como la educación pública y gratuita o de la salud, han quedado en una mezcla de propaganda y nostalgia , al sucumbir ambos sectores ante sus graves crisis o al contemplar cómo, desde el comienzo, las escuelas se utilizaron para adoctrinar desde la primera infancia ; se utilizaron los valores comunistas por encima de los valores de la enseñanza; el acceso a ciertos niveles se limitó a la condición de «ser revolucionarios», siendo expulsados, encarcelados, castigados y deslegitimados todos aquellos que expresaban criterios contrarios a los del Gobierno.
La constante referencia de «somos continuidad» forma parte de esta nostalgia restaurativa , sustentada en un manejo propagandístico que se inició a finales de los 50 y que ha influido profunda y negativamente en el desarrollo de Cuba y en la vida de los cubanos. La realidad es que, por más de 60 años, se han dedicado a callar, a encerrar u obligar a salir del país a todo el que piense diferente. El régimen revolucionario fue desde sus comienzos un Estado policíaco , dedicado a la seguridad y al control de las personas.
La reflexión (para seguir la tipificación de Svetlana Boym) es por su propia naturaleza una cualidad humana, y el ejercicio de esta nos lleva necesariamente a la conclusión de que Cuba necesita, no un continuismo nostálgico, sino un nuevo modelo .
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