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México, ¿contra toda esperanza? – América 2.1 ¿Será alguno de los tres candidatos a la presidencia capaz de sacar a México del círculo vicioso de las esperanzas fallidas?
«Nada liga tanto a la gente como el crimen compartido. Cuanto mayor sea el número de personas comprometidas, manchadas, implicadas, cuantos más chivatos, traidores y delatores, tantos más habrá partidarios de que el régimen dure milenios».
«Un buen día tuvimos miedo del caos y todos anhelamos de pronto un poder fuerte, una mano poderosa que encauzara los revueltos torrentes humanos. Tal vez ese temor sea el más estable de nuestros sentimientos: no lo hemos superado todavía y se transmite por herencia».
«Y así vivíamos, así cultivábamos nuestra inferioridad hasta que nos convencimos en nuestra propia piel de lo frágil que era el bienestar (…) Éramos, en efecto, seres inferiores y no se nos pueden exigir responsabilidades. Y sólo nos salvan los milagros».
«La memoria humana está organizada de tal modo que conserva de los hechos una vaga reminiscencia y su leyenda, pero no el acontecimiento propiamente dicho. Para extraer los hechos, es preciso destruir con mano dura la leyenda y para ello debe precisarse ante todo en qué círculos nació».
«Mi hermano decía que no fue el miedo ni el soborno —aunque hubo bastante tanto de lo uno como de lo otro— lo que jugó un papel decisivo en la domesticación de la intelectualidad, sino la palabra revolución, a la que nadie quería renunciar».
«No se puede vivir sin esperanzas, pero pasábamos de una esperanza fallida a otra».
«En aquel entonces ya sabíamos perfectamente el valor que tenía en nuestro país la palabra —la más terrible de todas las ficciones—, pero procurábamos no pensar en ello para conservar la bendita ilusión».
«Una sola vez en la vida quisimos hacer feliz al pueblo y jamás nos lo perdonaremos».
«Pero no, no era miedo. Era un sentimiento totalmente distinto, algo que encadenaba las fuerzas y la voluntad, la conciencia de la propia impotencia que dominaba a todos sin excepción, no solo a los que mataban sino a los propios asesinos. Aplastados por un sistema, en cuya edificación habíamos participado, en una medida u otra, todos, éramos incapaces de oponer ni siquiera una resistencia pasiva. Nuestra docilidad contribuía al desenfreno de los celosos servidores del régimen y el resultado era un círculo vicioso. ¿Cómo podríamos salir de él?».
Todas estas citas pertenecen al libro de memorias de Nadiezhda Mandelstam, viuda del poeta Ósip Mandelstam, muerto en el gulag en 1938, titulado precisamente Contra toda esperanza y en la que relata con extraordinaria brillantez y profundidad la pesadilla de la época estalinista. Son reflexiones referidas obviamente al contexto soviético, pero inquieta pensar en las concomitancias con las experiencias políticas de otras sociedades, con aquellas en las que un partido hegemónico creó el nuevo Estado como en México, India y Japón tras la II Guerra Mundial o incluso quizá la Suráfrica del Congreso Nacional Africano dentro de unas décadas, países en los que, sin la barbarie estalinista, se institucionaliza la revolución, haciéndolos proclives a que el fin justifique los medios hasta su desaparición.
Son experiencias históricas muy distintas, insisto. Nada tiene que ver la URSS de las purgas estalinianas con el México del siglo XXI, pero, cuántas complicidades, cuántos delitos compartidos, cuántas veces ganó la leyenda a la realidad, cuántas triunfó el miedo sobre la bondad… ¿Hasta cuándo la palabra seguirá siendo esa terrible ficción como hemos visto y oído en estas semanas de precampaña, hasta cuándo durará la docilidad? ¿Será alguno de los tres candidatos a la presidencia capaz de sacar a México del círculo vicioso de las esperanzas fallidas?
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