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Un bosque, una familia – América 2.1 Finding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of the Forest es el título de un libro cautivador, a caballo entre ecología, poesía y psicología, donde Suzanne Simard Knopf reflexiona sobre un camino de cuatro decenios en busca de la naturaleza que le llevó a descubrir, mientras tanto, su propia personalidad.
Suzanne Simard Knopf
Canadiense, profesora de Ecología Forestal en la Universidad de Columbia Británica, Suzanne creció en las montañas Monashee persuadida de que un feroz conflicto por el agua y la luz yacía tras la belleza de aquellos parajes rociados por el Pacífico, hasta que en 1997 publicó un artículo en la revista NATURE, maravillada por la intrincada red subterránea cuyo brillo rivalizaba con una alfombra persa, que permitía a las múltiples especies del bosque colaborar estrechamente en armonía.
Se imponía, pues, un enfoque más matizado ante la evidencia de que los alisos retienen el nitrógeno atmosférico que puede entonces ser empleado por las demás especies; que los veteranos extraen agua con sus raíces más profundas para alimentar a las plantas superficiales, que los nutrientes y la información sobre las condiciones meteorológicas y los peligros son trasmitidos gracias a una vastísima y compleja tela-de-araña y que cuando los abetos Douglas eran atacados por la polilla, alertaban a los pinos que respondían produciendo enzimas protectoras.
Jamaica Pond, Boston, USA. Foto Marisela Valero
En fin, que semejante actividad silenciosa y febril era regida por los árboles-madre más viejos, de mayor tamaño y mayor experiencia, que apoyaban la eclosión y el crecimiento de los retoños de su entorno; exactamente como ocurre en las sociedades animales y, como Suzanne pudo comprobar con sorpresa, en su propio ámbito familiar y profesional.
Esa imbricación que ella relata con amenidad y gracejo hace el encanto de las memorias, desde sus comienzos en una compañía forestal, pasando por un empleo burocrático hasta llegar a la academia, tratando en cada ocasión de desentrañar los misterios ocultos de los bosques y, sobre todo, defendiendo sus ideas en un ambiente teñido de machismo, para alternar su actividad pública con la vida familiar y el combate contra un cáncer.
Una colonia de hongos, foto Claire Welsh
Suzanne demostró que los árboles aportaban más recursos a sus propios vástagos que a los extraños, a través de lo que bien pudiera calificarse de inteligencia para percibir, relacionarse y comunicarse, tomar decisiones, aprender y recordar; cualidades que, según dice, deberían merecerles un cierto respeto y plantean lo que el reportaje de NATURE considera “fascinantes cuestiones éticas” respecto de nuestras responsabilidades hacia ellos y el deber de aplicar a la naturaleza una mirada más profunda, generosa e intuitiva.
Cedro Jomon Sugi, Japón.
Y, sobre todo y más interesante desde el punto de vista societal, a qué tipo de derechos les hace acreedores una inteligencia que los situaría al mismo nivel de los seres humanos y los primates más evolucionados.
Varsovia, junio de 2021.
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