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Un coctel explosivo – América 2.1
Imágenes de la masacre en Columbine (Colorado, EEUU). De nuevo se multiplican en Estados Unidos los tiroteos masivos. Otra vez habrá protestas contra la venta de armas, se repetirá que los asesinos parecían normales o que eran retraídos y para la mayoría será el acto de un enajenado y pare de contar. Lo que poco se entiende es hasta qué punto la sociedad tiene su parte de culpa.
En Héroes, asesinato masivo y suicidio , el filósofo Franco “Bifo” Berardi analiza el tema con detenimiento. Berardi es consciente de que “no podemos reducir un suceso complejo a una mera combinación de factores sociales, sicológicos o ideológicos” , de que finalmente no hay explicación lógica para algo tan atroz, y también de que nada exime a los ejecutores de culpa y castigo. Pero relaciona estas atrocidades con sociedades hiperconectadas y extremamente competitivas, donde está mutando la sensibilidad, falta empatía y “los fuertes tienen derecho a ganar y a depredar a los más débiles”. Una sensación que incluso transmiten los videojuegos, a los que muchos adolescentes dedican horas. A partir de mensajes de algunos de los jóvenes asesinos, Berardi demuestra cómo muchas veces este tipo de asesinatos corresponden a “una venganza por la humillación sufrida en el juego diario de la competencia”. Es el caso de Eric Harris, que con Dylan Klebold llevó a cabo la masacre de Columbine y que escribió en su diario: “Todos se burlan siempre de mí por mi físico y por lo mierda y débil que soy (…) Nos han estado jodiendo durante años. Van a pagar por toda esta mierda, cabrones”. O el del silencioso Seung-Hui Cho, que migró siendo niño a EE. UU., no encajó nunca y escribió: “Puede que para ustedes yo sólo sea un pedazo de mierda de perro, pero no han dejado de profanar mi corazón, violar mi alma y torturar mi conciencia”. ¿Enfermos mentales? A veces, pero sobre todo víctimas de acoso, de humillación, de marginamiento. Tanta es la crueldad de los matoneadores que si uno entra hoy a internet a buscar los nombres de los asesinos, ve cómo se burlan de su aspecto aún después de muertos.
Otro tipo de victimario, muy distinto, es el fundamentalista de ultraderecha que con una “obsesión identitaria” , y haciéndose vocero de una ideología, dispara contra musulmanes, negros, judíos o cualquier grupo que considere enemigo de la “raza superior” a la que cree pertenecer. Es el caso de Anders Breivik, que mató a 77 jóvenes del Partido Socialista Noruego en un campamento. En un extenso documento, Declaración de independencia europea , Breivik ataca el multiculturalismo, protesta contra la “colonización islámica de Europa” , exalta la familia, que cree que se está descomponiendo, y se queja, entre otras cosas, del comunismo, de que se considere normal la homosexualidad y de la feminización de la cultura europea. Después de la masacre —cuenta Berardi—, algunos políticos de la extrema derecha aplaudieron el manifiesto.
En la sociedad del espectáculo, hay también quien mata para tener los 15 minutos de fama de los que habló Warhol. O llevado por los desequilibrios del estrés postraumático que deja la guerra en los soldados. Pero, por supuesto, las masacres disminuirían si no hubiera armas al alcance de cualquiera. Lo que María Fernanda Cabal no entiende. El libro es exhaustivo. Los invito a leerlo.
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