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El eclipse de la socialdemocracia – América 2.1 Pedro Sánchez ha dado un golpe de autoridad con la disolución de la organización socialista madrileña. Quizá ha comprendido que toda renovación socialista es inútil si no alcanza a los anquilosados poderes territoriales. Sánchez corre riesgo. Las camarillas muerden. Pero es un paso indispensable. Al mismo tiempo, sigue la pertinaz caída del PSOE en los sondeos. La socialdemocracia está en apuros en toda Europa. ¿Por qué?
La socialdemocracia adquirió su reputación por su capacidad mediadora, por saber tejer equilibrios razonables entre las clases sociales y, especialmente, entre el mundo empresarial y los trabajadores. Después de la guerra, contó para ello en Europa (España navegaba con retraso) con unos años excepcionales, con la intimidación soviética y, junto con Estados Unidos, con una posición casi de monopolio en tecnología y consumo energético. La crisis del petróleo y, más tarde, el hundimiento del comunismo soviético y la globalización erosionaron el invento. La socialdemocracia se adaptó mal (o demasiado bien, dirán algunos). Mientras el capitalismo iba transitando de la hegemonía industrial a la financiera, hizo suyos todos los tópicos de la derecha: la desregulación, la competitividad, la meritocracia, el individualismo, las privatizaciones, la desvalorización del Estado y de la política. Tony Blair, símbolo de aquellos años, se entregó a la tarea con el entusiasmo del catecúmeno. La socialdemocracia suscribió un pacto de modernización escrito por la derecha. Asumió el consumo masivo y el crédito fácil como forma de control social y asistió impávida al brutal crecimiento de las desigualdades.
Cuando estalló la crisis y emergieron las fracturas sociales, herencia de los años en que todo era posible, la socialdemocracia se encontró del lado de los culpables del desastre. Se intentó presentar la crisis como un problema nacional y cultural: la austeridad del Norte y la frivolidad del Sur. La fiesta ha terminado, decían con desfachatez sus beneficiarios. Pero hoy ya es evidente que ha sido un conflicto de clases, en el sentido clásico, entre las élites financieras y las clases medias y populares, que se ha dado en todos los países.
Por el camino, la socialdemocracia ha perdido por completo el control del lenguaje . Y en política quien marca el sentido de las palabras gana . E incluso se ha quedado sin su prenda más preciada: la bandera del cambio está en otras manos. Recuperar la credibilidad a corto plazo no es fácil: la mochila es pesada. Parapetarse en el establecimiento bipartidista esperando que los demás se quemen es un nuevo «sacrificio hecho para nada», en palabras de Michel Feher, que acelera su fatal destino. La derecha siempre aguanta porque su programa es obedecer al poder real, una opción segura por la fuerza de la servidumbre voluntaria. A la socialdemocracia se le exige más. Necesita conectar con el malestar de la gente y darle respuesta a escala europea. Quizá el único consuelo sea que los que pisan el espacio a la socialdemocracia evocan, a menudo, los principios que le dieron vida.
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