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Aveledo: Derechos del niño – América 2.1 El 20 de este mes se cumplen treinta y cuatro años de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos del Niño de Naciones Unidas. La ley aprobatoria indispensable para su ratificación por parte de Venezuela es del 29 de agosto de 1990. En mi condición para entonces de Vicepresidente de la Comisión de Política Exterior, tuve el honor de ser ponente para su aprobación y sanción definitiva por la Cámara de Diputados del Congreso de la República, cuerpo en el que representaba a mi nativo estado Lara.
La Convención de 1989 tiene raíces que se remontan a las declaraciones de Ginebra de 1924, la Universal de los Derechos Humanos de 1948 y otra específica de 1959. En ese compromiso suscrito por nuestro país en el segundo gobierno del Presidente Pérez, está el basamento de la Ley Orgánica de Protección de los Derechos del Niño, Niña y Adolescente (LOPNNA), norma compleja y extensa de seiscientos ochenta y cinco artículos, cuyo trámite legislativo consumió una legislatura, bien lo sé por las responsabilidades que me correspondieron al frente de la bancada socialcristiana y de la Cámara. Su sanción en septiembre de 1998 la rubrican los presidentes del Senado y la Cámara, Pedro Pablo Aguilar e Ixora Rojas, promulgada en octubre de ese año por el Presidente de la República Rafael Caldera. A estos servidores públicos venezolanos ya fallecidos, mi reconocimiento y recuerdo agradecido.
Ha escrito la organización internacional SavetheChildren (Salvar a los Niños), con razón que la Convención es un edificio que descansa sobre cuatro pilares: la no discriminación, la primacía del interés superior del menor, la garantía de la supervivencia y el pleno desarrollo y la participación infantil. En su articulado cabe destacar el derecho de los niños y niñas a que se les garantice protección contra la violencia, la explotación, así como sus derechos a la educación, la salud, y las políticas sociales que les aseguren un nivel de vida adecuado a su desarrollo físico, mental, espiritual, moral y social. Luego se la ha completado con los protocolos facultativos sobre venta de niños, prostitución y pornografía infantiles y participación de niños en conflictos armados.
Instituciones públicas y privadas existen en Venezuela para la promoción y protección de los derechos de los niños y niñas. Destaco la labor admirable que desde 1984 realiza CECODAP. Que en este aniversario los poderes públicos y la sociedad toda, evalúen su vigencia en la vida real.
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