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Aveledo: Venezuela es plural – América 2.1 La bandera de Venezuela es tricolor. No es solo amarilla, ni solo azul, ni sola roja. Es tricolor, no monocolor. La policromía es metáfora apropiada para comprender la sociedad, la venezolana y cualquier otra. No existe sociedad monocolor y no se trata de cuestión de aburrimiento, que también lo sería, sino de constatación de la realidad. En la sociedad coexisten legítimamente y conviven, opiniones diversas, creencias diversas, intereses distintos y a veces enfrentados, afectos y desafectos varios. Iguales en su naturaleza y en su dignidad, los hombres y mujeres del nuestro y de todos los países, tienen diferencias por la región, por la edad, por la ocupación, por el sexo, por ser del campo o la ciudad, por su condición socioeconómica. La realidad es así, plural.
Plural, así lo admite y garantiza la Constitución y así lo reconoce y protege la ley. Plural es múltiple, “que se presenta en más de un aspecto”. Pluralidad es diversidad, multiplicidad, abundancia. Una cualidad signada por la variedad, la diversidad, la heterogeneidad.
En los principios fundamentales, los grandes lineamientos que explican el sentido de todo nuestro ordenamiento constitucional está el pluralismo, en cuanto sistema que acepta o reconoce la pluralidad de doctrinas o posiciones. Desde el artículo 2 que cataloga al pluralismo político uno de los valores superiores del Estado democrático y social de derecho y de justicia venezolano. O el artículo 6 para el cual pluralista es una característica permanente del gobierno de la República y las entidades que lo componen (estados y municipios) que “es y será siempre (…) pluralista”. Y más adelante, cuando se garantiza nuestras libertades de conciencia, de expresión, de información, se pauta en el artículo 58 que la comunicación es libre y plural. Y la redundancia evidente, porque libertad y pluralidad son in-se-pa-ra-bles, es énfasis que abunda sin dañar porque subraya, destaca, insiste. Y toda insistencia es poca cuando de nuestros derechos y libertades se trata.
En El Hombre y el Estado , Maritain nos recuerda que la comunidad nacional es más que “la superior unidad del cuerpo político” pues éste contiene también a las familias, cuyos derechos y libertades son anteriores al Estado y a “una multiplicidad de otras sociedades particulares que proceden de la libre iniciativa de los ciudadanos y que debieran ser lo más autónomas posibles” para concluir que ese precisamente, “es el elemento de pluralidad inherente a cualquier sociedad política auténtica”.
García Pelayo escribió acerca del “Estado de Partidos ”, en plural, estructura de poder neutral al servicio de la sociedad y disponible para que lo oriente el partido democráticamente escogido por el voto de la ciudadanía para dirigirlo. Concepto radicalmente distinto a la noción de partido único, contradicción esencial porque la parte nunca puede ser el todo, como en el fascismo, el nazismo y el comunismo donde partido y Estado se confunden en impropia fusión. Como no hay hoy religión de estado, salvo en teocracias intrínsecamente reaccionarias como la iraní, no puede haber partido de Estado.
Venezuela es singular porque es única por excepcional e irrepetible por esa multitud de razones que nos hacen quererla con esta pasión inconforme que sueña, piensa y hace para mejorarla siempre. Venezuela es plural, como son todas las naciones y esa diversidad es una de las fuentes de nuestra fortaleza, de nuestra capacidad de resistir la adversidad, de buscarle la vuelta a los problemas para resolverlos. Por eso la diversidad social, cultural, religiosa y por supuesto la política que le provee marco normativo garantista, lo mismo que a la diversidad natural, hay que protegerla, porque en ella nos jugamos la vida. La vida digna por libre y plena que es la vida humana.
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