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Los desplantes a EE.UU, tónica habitual de los líderes socialistas – América 2.1
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero durante una declaración institucional en 2004, cuando era presidente del Gobierno - Jaime García Las relaciones de defensa entre España y EE.UU. atravesaban ahora un momento «dulce» después de que en 2004 se vieran seriamente afectadas con la retirada de las tropas de Irak tras la victoria de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
Aquella decisión, unida al desplante de Zapatero a la bandera de EE.UU. cuando era jefe de la oposición (12 de octubre de 2003), marcó negativamente las relaciones exteriores del Gobierno socialista con la Casa Blanca, tanto con el presidente George W. Bush como con Barack H. Obama. Republicanos y demócratas no cambiaron su parecer.
En aquellos años de Zapatero, hubo otro episodio que no gustó en el seno de la OTAN —léase también EE.UU.—: la decisión unilateral de retirar la tropas españolas de la misión aliada en Kosovo. Fue anunciada por la ministra Carme Chacón en una visita a la zona sin comunicarla antes al entonces secretario general de la Alianza Atlántica, el holandés Jaap de Hoop Scheffer (19 de marzo de 2009).
Rota y Morón
Tras la retirada de Irak, costó siete años volver a ganarse la confianza del aliado estadounidense. Precisamente un último anuncio político del presidente Zapatero, antes de las elecciones generales que ganó Mariano Rajoy, brindaba esa oportunidad: el 5 de octubre de 2011, el presidente español anunciaba en Bruselas la instalación de cuatro destructores estadounidenses en la base naval de Rota (Cádiz) para el despliegue del conocido como «escudo antimisiles».
Fue un cambio de guion en el último momento que resume el peaje que tuvo que «pagar » aquel Gobierno socialista.
La relación en materia de defensa entre España y EE.UU. se consolidó cuando, tras el ataque al consulado estadounidense de Bengazi (Libia) el 11 de septiembre de 2012, el Gobierno de Obama pidió al de Rajoy la posibilidad de establecer en España un destacamento de «marines » para responder ante la crisis en África.
Con un despliegue inicial en 2013, finalmente la base sevillana puede albergar hasta un máximo de 2.220 militares (solo alcanzable en época de crisis), 500 funcionarios y 36 aeronave, según el «Convenio de Cooperación para la Defensa entre España y EE.UU.» . A ellos hay que sumar los 4.250 efectivos de personal militar de EE.UU. y 1.000 de personal civil en Rota. La importancia de esta base se puso de manifiesto durante la visita de Obama a España en julio de 2016 cuando, a pesar de reducirla por un tiroteo en Dallas, mantuvo su encuentro con las fuerzas militares estadounidenses en Rota. Se presentó como comandante en jefe.
Aunque pasaron desapercibidos, el pasado mes cazas F-35 estadounidenses, que luego bombardearon Irak en una misión contra Daesh desde Emiratos Árabes Unidos, hicieron escala en Morón de la Frontera para respostar. He aquí un ejemplo rutinario más de la relación de defensa entre ambos países y la importancia que España tiene para EE.UU.
El despliegue de la fragata Méndez Núñez con el portaaviones Abraham Lincoln era una de las colaboraciones principales entre ambos países este año. Sin embargo, la nueva retirada amenaza con marcar las relaciones futuras entre la Administración Trump y el nuevo Ejecutivo de Pedro Sánchez. De momento, la Casa Blanca calla la respuesta.
Aunque desde el Gobierno se quiera enmarcar dentro de la normalidad la decisión soberana, lo cierto es que este tipo de desplantes no gustan en EE.UU., país que valora las relaciones militares basadas en la confianza y previsibilidad.
Explicaciones a la Embajada
Consciente de los antecedentes, ayer un responsable técnico del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores explicó a la Embajada de Estados Unidos en Madrid las circunstancias en que el Gobierno tomó la decisión de retirar la fragata: se retiró por una modificación de la misión tras la escalada de tensión entre EE.UU. e Irán, informa la agencia Europa Press.
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