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Teoría y práctica de la palabra ‘no’ – América 2.1 Pero en política, y en casi todo, si no dejas una puerta abierta al sí pondrás en riesgo la posibilidad tranquila de desdecirte
Al editor francés Gaston Gallimard no le gustaban las imposiciones de los autores y de los agentes literarios. El escritor considera habitualmente que su libro es extraordinario y no se le ocurre que se le diga no. Pero Gallimard tenía poder para zanjar tales disyuntivas y adoptó un lema que luego fue de uso universal: “No es también una respuesta”.
Javier Pradera, que fue un editor extraordinario, tenía otra fórmula más expeditiva. Cuando alguien venga con un manuscrito, aconsejaba, hay que agarrar al autor por las solapas y gritarle: “¡¿Tú también, maldito?!”. La respuesta de Pradera tuvo menos porvenir que la del editor más famoso de Francia. “No es también una respuesta” es una fórmula perfecta para salir adelante en el mundo editorial; pero en la vida común, y en la vida política, esa respuesta tan conveniente para otras cosas comporta riesgos insalvables que ahora estamos comprobando en la inmediata historia nacional.
El ensayo público del no como proposición o como respuesta (“no es no”) ha tenido a Pedro Sánchez, líder del PSOE, como protagonista principal de un intercambio que su oponente, Mariano Rajoy, presidente en funciones, ha tratado de desmontar con el humor con el que se toma (a veces) a su contrincante: “Ya he entendido el no. ¿Qué parte del no cree usted que no he entendido?”.
Decir no requiere convicciones muy profundas y certezas que no pueden ser científicas, porque nada es verdaderamente blanco o negro; ni siquiera el 0, según las últimas teorías, es 0 absoluto, o doble 0, que diría el novelista Gonzalo Suárez. Nada es verdad ni es mentira, decía Campoamor. O, como advertía Antonio Machado, cuidado con tu verdad, esa no existe, existe la verdad, “y ven conmigo a buscarla, la tuya guárdatela”.
Decir no comporta un riesgo, porque lo que hoy en política es rojo mañana puede ser entreverado, y no se puede sostener del todo lo que dijimos ayer porque los días tienen sus novedades. No se pasa dos veces por el mismo río ni se baña uno dos veces en las mismas certezas. La vida cambia, como los dibujos de los niños.
El filósofo Emilio Lledó decía, en la Universidad de La Laguna cuando todavía tenía 37 años y los que lo que lo escuchábamos teníamos el no bien bruñido, una frase que es tan buena que merece el recuerdo: “Dentro de todo sí hay un pequeño no y dentro de todo no hay un pequeño sí”. Desde ese punto de vista, el riesgo que ha corrido (y está corriendo) el líder del PSOE es el de haberse puesto una camiseta de la que es difícil volver. Si en lugar de no es no él hubiera dicho“no es también quizá” hubiera metido la duda en el cuerpo del contrario, pero el contrario esgrime ahora el no como una muestra de que es el otro el que no quiere que se le introduzca ni medio sí en su certeza.
No es también una respuesta, decía muy bien Gallimard. Pero en política, y en casi todo, si no dejas una puerta abierta al sí es posible que salves tu dignidad pero pondrás en riesgo otro factor imprescindible para vivir y para sobrevivir: la posibilidad tranquila de desdecirte.
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