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José Guerra: El dólar paralelo – América 2.1 El precio del dólar en el mercado paralelo ha venido subiendo de manera incontrolada sin que el gobierno y el BCV puedan hacer algo para detener esa escalada alcista. La palabra que mejor caracteriza la actuación del gobierno en materia económica es el desconcierto: está totalmente ausente de la realidad, sin saber qué hacer en este momento crítico para el país. El dólar paralelo es el hijo legítimo del control de cambios. Donde hay control cambiario siempre surge un mercado paralelo. El gobierno no encuentra qué hacer: una vez proponen la unificación cambiara, otra sugieren que van a flexibilizar al mercado pero la realidad es que no saben qué hacer. O tal vez no quiere hacer, porque las mafias que manejan el mercado de cambios lo impiden.
Lo cierto es que la tasa de cambio paralela se ha venido depreciando considerablemente hasta bordear los Bs 30.000, es decir 30 millones de los bolívares viejos por un dólar. Conviene decir que son dos las razones principales que han llevado a la depreciación del dólar paralelo: en primer lugar la ausencia de oferta por parte del BCV al no realizarse subastas ni entregas a la tasa DIPRO al sector privado, debido a que todos los dólares se van en el pago de la deuda externa, y en segundo lugar la expansión monetaria de 600% anual que genera el BCV mediante la emisión de dinero de la nada, es decir el BCV está creando bolívares para que salgan a comprar los dólares. El mercado paralelo se ha tornado muy importante en Venezuela. En ese mercado se realizan casi el 50% de las importaciones privadas que van desde todos los productos automotrices, aceites y lubricantes, línea blanca, teléfonos celulares, textiles en todas sus modalidades, herramientas y artículos de ferreterías, licores, papel, cartones, entre otros.
Esto ha disparado los precios hasta el umbral de la hiperinflación, al reflejar la tasa de inflación un nivel superior al 1.000% al cierre de 2017, con lo cual se está causando una ruina a los venezolanos. La tendencia a la depreciación del bolívar se mantendrá hasta que se cambie la política económica y con ello el cambio político. La inacción del gobierno y el BCV es lamentable toda vez que está dejando a la economía en manos de un mercado absolutamente desorganizado. Claro, en el fondo reside el hecho que el BCV al quedarse sin reservas en divisas es muy poco lo que puede hacer en el contexto del control de cambio. Los pagos de deuda externa están pesando excesivamente sobre las finanzas públicas y están limitando severamente la disponibilidad de dólares. Lo procedente es unificar las tasas de cambio y eliminar, en consecuencia, el control de cambio, ello en el marco de un esquema de financiamiento externo que permita levantar las importaciones para así recuperar las capacidades productivas de la economía, hoy severamente averiadas.
José Guerra es un economista, escritor y político venezolano. Actualmente se desempeña como diputado a la Asamblea Nacional de Venezuela .
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