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Ronald Balza: 4 razones: ¿por qué es absurdo anular más de 6 millardos de billetes de Bs. 100? – América 2.1
???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? El presidente Maduro (en uso de atribuciones que constitucionalmente competen al Banco Central de Venezuela como ente obligado a actuar autónomamente en la preservación del valor interno y externo del bolívar) anunció la anulación del billete de 100 bolívares en 72 horas y su recepción en la banca pública hasta por diez días bancarios. La medida es absurda por al menos cuatro grupos de razones.
1. Una medida imposible de cumplir
Hay más de 6 millardos de billetes de 100 bolívares: casi la mitad del total de billetes y más de las tres cuartas partes del efectivo expresado con ellos. Antes de contar con los billetes de la nueva denominación no habrá suficiente efectivo para cambiarlos. Las agencias bancarias no tendrán suficiente tiempo en el plazo anunciado para depositarlos en viejas cuentas ni para abrirlas a quienes no tengan. Los nuevos billetes de 500 bolívares aún no son suficientemente conocidos por la población ni han sido completamente distribuidos en el territorio nacional, creando oportunidades a falsificadores y estafadores de distinto tipo. Por tanto, se causarían pérdidas a un número significativo de tenedores de billetes 100 bolívares.
2. Es una medida innecesaria
Los billetes de 100 bolívares dejarían de ser progresivamente utilizados a medida que ingresen nuevos billetes de mayor denominación. No es necesario ni eliminarlos ni sustituirlos por monedas, que igual que los céntimos, puyas y lochas de 2008 continuarían perdiendo valor con la inflación. El retiro de billetes de 100 bolívares, y los de menor denominación, podría hacerse a través del sistema bancario sin perjuicio de sus tenedores. Y se daría uso a los más de 6 millardos de billetes de 100 bolívares que a un costo injustificable adquirió el BCV por retrasarse en la actualización del cono monetario: los seis nuevos billetes (de 500 a 20.000 bolívares) recientemente anunciados.
3. Tiene importantes consecuencias negativas
Además de los perjuicios causados a jubilados, comercios informales y tenedores legítimos de billetes de 100 bolívares, y de la presión innecesaria sobre las agencias del sistema bancario y sus medios de pago electrónicos en el mes de mayores transacciones comerciales del año, la medida tendrá efectos negativos sobre el marcador del paralelo. Anular el 77% del efectivo expresado en billetes antes de la incorporación de nuevos billetes reducirá temporalmente la demanda de bolívares en la frontera y reducirá el precio del bolívar en pesos todavía más. Toda medida que reduzca la demanda de bolívares en la frontera, como la venta de gasolina en pesos del lado venezolano, reduce el precio del bolívar a cambio de pesos. Por el mecanismo aprovechado por DolarToday para fijar el marcador del paralelo, es de esperar que continúe subiéndolo.
4. La medida no golpea a las mafias
Los pagos en efectivo que se hacen para eliminar la trazabilidad de las transacciones ilegales no suponen acumulación de efectivo por tiempos prolongados y grandes cantidades en tiempos de severa inflación. La velocidad de circulación de los billetes de 100 bolívares es mayor mientras mayor es la inflación y la frecuencia de las transacciones. Es más fácil que un jubilado pierda parte sustancial de sus aguinaldos por no poder gastar sus billetes a medida que la inflación se acelera, a que un mafioso pierda lavando dinero fuera de Venezuela en monedas extranjeras. Las mafias que han surgido al calor de controles de cambios y precios, nula rendición de cuentas públicas e impunidad de pranes y narcotraficantes no resentirán la pérdida de billetes que ya han sido utilizados para multiplicar dólares y bienes dentro y fuera de Venezuela. No son los ceros en los billetes los que crean incentivos al crimen organizado.
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