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Tumba al traductor desconocido – América 2.1 Selma Ancira, la gran traductora de Tolstói y Kallifatides
Soy un grupi de los traductores. Me encantan. Cuando era un muchacho pensaba que los poetas eran la vanguardia de la literatura. Ahora estoy convencido de que lo poco que pueda quedar de autenticidad, sacrificio y pureza en este oficio está en los traductores. Si están vivos, los sigo en redes (cuando tienen). Una vez le mandé un mensaje privado a Selma Ancira, la gran traductora de Tolstói y Kallifatides, haciéndole una consulta absurda solo con el objetivo de que me respondiera y, quizás, algún día, convertirme en su amigo. Por supuesto, al segundo mensaje percibió mi comportamiento extraño y no me respondió más. Me avergüenza confesar estas cosas, pero no lo puedo evitar: soy un grupi de los traductores.
Por eso, me da mucha rabia ver que son el eslabón más débil de la cadena de producción de un libro. Solo recientemente, y por presiones de los propios traductores, las editoriales han entendido que sus nombres deben figurar en las portadas como una sombra indispensable que subraya el de los autores. Es cierto que la del traductor es una labor paradójica: mientras mejor es, menos se percibe su presencia.
Al menos para el común de los lectores, que suelen endosar los no pocos aciertos del traductor a la cuenta del autor. Circunstancia que está muy bien retratada en una escena de la más reciente novela de David Toscana, ‘El peso de vivir en la tierra’, protagonizada por una pandilla de lectores enloquecidos por la literatura rusa, comandada a su vez por un sujeto que se hace llamar Nikolái Nikoláievich Pseldónimov. A este Nikolái, que quiere llevar a la realidad las atrocidades que ha leído en los clásicos rusos, su mujer le pregunta: «¿No tendríamos que empezar por hablar ruso?». A lo que el personaje le responde, con inflexible lógica quijotesca: «En todas las novelas que he leído, los rusos hablan español».
La orfandad de los traductores es tal que se me ha ocurrido al menos una compensación simbólica. Erigir un monumento al traductor desconocido. La idea no es tan peregrina como parece. Hace un tiempo compré las ‘Memorias de una beatnik’, de Diane di Prima, publicado por la editorial las afueras. En la página de créditos busqué al traductor y decía lo siguiente: «© de la traducción, Luis Rubio Paredes, 1999. Ante la imposibilidad de contactar con el traductor de este libro, la editorial pone a su disposición todos los derechos que le son legítimos e inalienables».
Esta semana, al terminar de leer ‘Cita con Rama’, de Arthur C. Clarke, reviso los créditos y me encuentro esto: «© Aurora C. Merlo, por la traducción, con quien la editorial no ha podido contactar, pero le reconoce la titularidad de los derechos de reproducción de dicha traducción y el derechos a percibir los royalties que pudieran corresponderle».
¿Cómo puede ser tan difícil contactar a un traductor? Y, en el caso de que hubiera fallecido, ¿no hay algún familiar que pueda reclamar el derecho? ¿La ley permite a los herederos de un traductor recibir sus regalías? La verdad, no lo sé. Solo espero que en un futuro mi idea del monumento al traductor desconocido sea un desatino. Por ahora no lo es.
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