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Venezuela crea un nuevo sistema de control cambiario – América 2.1 El bolívar, la moneda oficial de Venezuela, sufrió este miércoles otro traspié. Miguel Pérez Abad, viceministro de Economía Productiva, anunció un nuevo sistema de control cambiario que recrudece la crisis económica. El esquema, en vigencia a partir del jueves, establece dos tipos de tasas de cambio: Divisas Protegidas y Divisas Complementarias. El mayor impacto lo sufrirán los viajeros y los venezolanos que hagan compras electrónicas, pues estarán obligados a invertir un 1.500% más de dinero para adquirir divisas a un precio “preferencial”.
Viajar al extranjero será ahora mucho más caro para los venezolanos. La medida supone que la tasa de cambio en divisas para quienes salgan del país será más de un 1.500% superior a la actual. Las peticiones de dólares para estos viajeros y para la realización de compras electrónicas, hasta ahora con una aplicación de cambio oficial de 13 bolívares por dólar, pasará a calcularse de manera bien diferente: sobre la tasa oficial de cambio más alta, alrededor de 200 bolívares por dólar.
Los negocios, compras o viajes al exterior dependen del Centro Nacional de Comercio Exterior (Cencoex). Esta es una institución del Estado que se encarga del control y administración de las divisas a los venezolanos. La medida anunciada el miércoles es aplicada en medio de una debacle económica que, según expertos, debe su origen al rígido control de los precios de las divisas, impuesto desde el 2003, y a otras fórmulas económicas.
El economista Orlando Ochoa pronostica que esta medida actual es una “macrodevaluación” y un incremento de los casos de corrupción debido al control cambiario de divisas, pues se continúa con una vieja fórmula que solo “asfixia” a la economía. “Estas medidas no solucionan la crisis. Es una devaluación, no se protege el salario y tampoco se crea un plan contra la inflación” , explica Ochoa.
Sobre los anuncios hechos por Pérez Abad hay todavía algunas dudas. Los viajeros no conocen cuál será el límite de divisas asignadas para cada país. En Venezuela, dependiendo del destino y los días de estadía, se concede un cupo limitado en moneda extranjera. Pero en los últimos cuatro años ha mermado esta asignación, lo que ha obligado a los viajeros a acudir al mercado negro de divisas para poder viajar. Un dólar en el mercado paralelo puede costar más de 1.142 bolívares. Según Ochoa, las medidas no muestran transparencia, sino que son una soga en el cuello de la economía venezolana. “La economía no levanta cabeza. No es solo esto, sino que tampoco se conocen a tiempo las cifras oficiales de inflación. Esto solo provoca desconfianza en los inversores. El venezolano encuentra cada vez más obstáculos” , agrega.
El presidente de la Asociación Bancaria de Venezuela, Arístides Maza, aplaudió sin embargo unos cambios que considera “necesarios” . “Cerrar el viejo capítulo en materia cambiaria era bien importante y necesario para el país y para la economía nacional” , dijo Maza. “Abrir esta nueva etapa de un cambio dual es iniciar en la dirección correcta”, expresó el presidente del gremio bancario, que dijo confiar en que la medida sea “el inicio para establecer, en el mediano plazo, un cambio único que es lo que el país realmente necesitaría”.
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