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En busca del antídoto contra ‘los Maduros’ – América 2.1 Un hombre camina en Caracas este miércoles durante la huelga general convocada por la oposición. JUAN BARRETO AFP El mundo observa asustado e impotente el avance de políticos que llevan a sus países hacia el abismo
¿Dónde está la frontera? ¿En qué momento se traspasa el límite razonable y un político democrático se convierte en un dictador? Las líneas divisorias no son tan sencillas de trazar y el mundo observa asustado e impotente los avances con los que algunos empujan a sus países hacia el abismo.
En Venezuela se vuelve ahora la vista, tal vez con vana esperanza, hacia el ejército. La oposición ya no está sola frente a Nicolás Maduro, pero a pocas horas del último golpe de mano de crear una Asamblea Constituyente a la medida, ya se ha visto que ni siquiera las protestas desde dentro del régimen chavista dan resultado. Maduro se ha convertido en la peor amenaza para su propio país y no parece haber resortes válidos ni internos ni externos para impedirlo. A las democracias les cuesta intervenir por razones de coherencia contra injerencias externas. A las dictaduras, también, pero por instinto de supervivencia. Cuba reclama respeto a la soberanía de Venezuela. Lástima que no se refiera a la representada en la Asamblea donde la oposición está en mayoría.
Pasito a pasito, Maduro ha ido cubriendo un camino ya trazado. Es el mismo que se empeñan en recorrer en este siglo XXI otros políticos salidos de las urnas a los que un día les fue revelada la verdad de que son imprescindibles al timón. Es el caso de Recep Tayyip Erdogan en Turquía. Accedió al poder en 2003 y, como primer ministro o como presidente, ahí sigue, cortando la hierba bajo los pies de quien osa enfrentarse a él, especialmente después de sufrir un supuesto golpe de Estado que le ha servido de coartada para seguir reprimiendo a la disidencia.
Explica el filósofo Daniel Innerarity en su ensayo La política en tiempos de indignación que ser político en nuestras democracias mediáticas es una ardua tarea. Gobernar, gestionar correctamente y contentar a la mayoría es un difícil equilibrio. Al histrión Maduro le debe resultar más fácil encarcelar jueces que resolver la economía de su país. Para seguir adelante y no depender de las veleidades del electorado, hay que reprimir a los medios, controlar al poder judicial, acallar a la oposición y enardecer al pueblo con banderas y soflamas. Viktor Orbán, en Hungría, ensaya alguna de tales recetas, pero una dama en Varsovia ha decidido tomarle la delantera con unas políticas involucionistas que alarman a la Unión Europea. La primera ministra Beata Szydlo ha sacado adelante cuatro leyes que dejan al poder judicial en sus manos.
El inesperado veto del presidente Andrezj Duda es un halo de esperanza. Y resulta revelador el argumento que le ha hecho reaccionar: la opinión de una activista anticomunista. “He vivido en un Estado en el que el ministro de Justicia podía hacer virtualmente cualquier cosa y no quiero volver a aquello”, le dijo esta mujer.
Estremece comprobar hasta qué punto el mundo exterior es incapaz de frenar a los tiranos o a los que quieren serlo. La amenaza de sanciones no da frutos. Tal vez la memoria de dramas pretéritos alivie al menos la presión.
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