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Sadio Garavini di Turno: Jonestown y Venezuela – América 2.1
Hace 40 años, en noviembre de 1978, la opinión pública mundial fue estremecida por la noticia, proveniente de Guyana, del homicidio-suicidio en masa de alrededor de 900 personas, en su mayoría miembros de la secta religiosa norteamericana El Templo del Pueblo . El culto originado en California y dirigido por el sedicente “obispo” Jim Jones había iniciado, a partir de 1973, el experimento de crear en la selva del Esequibo, zona básicamente despoblada y reclamada por Venezuela, una comunidad agrícola, Jonestown, sobre bases colectivistas neocomunistas, que recordaba un poco los modelos del socialismo utópico de Owen y Fourier.
La masacre se inició con el asesinato de Leo Ryan, miembro demócrata de la Cámara de Representantes de los EEUU, quien encabezaba una comisión de investigación que había viajado al Esequibo para investigar las denuncias sobre maltratos a algunos miembros del culto. El gobierno guyanés había favorecido de múltiples maneras el establecimiento del Templo del Pueblo y la secta había correspondido, entre otras cosas, apoyando al partido de gobierno, el PNC de Forbes Burnham, en las campañas electorales.
En relación al Templo del Pueblo es interesante destacar lo que está claramente delineado en el libro del Latin American Bureau sobre Guyana: “The Fraudulent Revolution” (1984): “Para el gobierno de Guyana, uno de los propósitos útiles atendido por la existencia de Jonestown era que una población de ciudadanos norteamericanos en un territorio reclamado por Venezuela crearía las condiciones para una intervención de los EEUU en apoyo de Guyana en el caso de una invasión venezolana del territorio.” Las siguientes frases del mismo Jim Jones dirigidas en 1977 a un ministro guyanés, no dejan dudas al respecto: “Yo le prometo que, junto con todo mi pueblo, moriré defendiendo sus fronteras…, preferimos ampliamente morir defendiendo esta nación socialista que regresar a la tierra sádica y fascista de donde venimos….”.
En efecto Jonestown, con su población mayoritariamente afroamericana, encajaba perfectamente en el proyecto del gobierno de poblar la Guayana Esequiba preferiblemente con habitantes de origen africano; recordemos que el PNC ha tenido su base electoral entre los afroguyaneses. Un proyecto que estuvo por mucho tiempo entre las prioridades del gobierno Burnham, desde la década de los ’60. A este respecto, recordemos el también nonato plan de reubicar muy cerca de las “ruinas“ de Jonestown 30.000 refugiados laosianos de la tribu Hmong ( Meo), en los años ’70, a raíz de las guerras en Indochina.
En cuanto a la posición de los gobierno norteamericanos respecto a la reclamación venezolana del Esequibo es interesante mencionar que John Kennedy, con sus excelentes relaciones con Rómulo Betancourt vio con muy buenos ojos la reactivación de la reclamación en 1962; en cambio a partir de Johnson la posición de EEUU pasó a ser básicamente “neutral ”, sólo apoyando una solución pacífica de la controversia.
Muy recientemente el gobierno Trump, a través de su embajador en Georgetown, ha modificado su posición oficial y ahora respalda formalmente la sentencia arbitral del Laudo de 1899, considerado nulo e írrito por Venezuela. Obviamente este cambio se debe, entre otras cosas, a la infantil y ridícula política de desplantes retóricos antinorteamericanos y a la ruptura hostil con la Exxon, que de haber sido la compañía petrolera más ligada a Venezuela, ahora posee una relevante concesión petrolera guyanesa, en “curiosa” asociación con la compañía de petróleo estatal china (CNOOC), que no sólo abarca la plataforma continental del Esequibo, sino también áreas de la plataforma continental venezolana del Delta del Orinoco. Hasta aquí nos ha llevado la irresponsable e incapaz política exterior del régimen.
@sadiocaracas
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