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Ana Cristina Vélez: Recordar a los muertos. En memoria de mi amigo Gabriel Jaime Gómez – América 2.1
“ La vida no es más que una sombra ambulante, un pobre comediante que se pavonea su cuarto de hora para nunca más ser oído. Es un cuento contado por un idiota, lleno de ruido y frenesí; que no significa nada”.
Shakespeare
Y no importa que no signifique nada, porque la ilusión que sufrimos los humanos es que significa todo, todo, absolutamente todo, ya que después de la muerte solo hay desorden, caos y la desintegración irreversible de la materia y el espíritu.
Es tan comprensible, que sin las fotografías, sin los videos, sin las grabaciones de las voces, las personas buscarán maneras de guardar algo del otro: no solo sus zapatos, su serrucho o su camisa, que nos traen la persona amada a la memoria, sino el busto, la réplica con la que lo identificamos físicamente, o incluso la preservación misma de su cuerpo.
Máscara de Agamenón, en oro
No hay sociedad organizada que no haya rendido culto a los muertos, que no haya respondido a la muerte de manera filosófica y artística. Las momias egipcias llevan 5000 años encarnando el concepto de Eternidad. Las arenas cálidas y alcalinas del desierto preservan naturalmente los cuerpos enterrados allí. Eso lo observaron muchos egipcios desde la época de los faraones, y posiblemente desde antes. Esto pudo haber sido el origen de la técnica de embalsamar, que luego desarrollaron a la perfección.
Gatos momificados, de la época de los faraones egipcios
Hoy se hacen muchas investigaciones que intentan descubrir las fórmulas de los ungüentos que usaban para la preservación de los cuerpos, y se sabe que era una mezcla de goma de azúcar, cera de abejas, resinas de coníferas y betún. Usaban betún de origen marino, del Mar Muerto, y de origen vegetal, extraído de pozos de alquitrán. Con un betún basado en los mismos principios químicos protegemos el cuero de los zapatos. Por esa razón las momias lucen café negruzcas, porque embetunarlas era parte del proceso.
Ramses II, momia
Los nobles romanos tenían en el atrio de sus casas un espacio para rendirles culto a sus ancestros, usando maiorum imagines, o máscaras mortuorias, en palabras menos “cultas”. Los más ricos se daban el lujo de vaciarlas en bronce o de hacer bustos en mármol, que guardaban en lugares cerrados que solo se abrían en ciertas y especiales ocasiones.
Máscara mortuoria de Napoleón
No deja uno de preguntarse cómo sería hoy el dar una respuesta similar, usando tecnología contemporánea. Un pantógrafo puede tomar las medidas reales de una persona, y luego hacer una réplica exacta de la misma en una impresora tridimensional, incluso a otras escalas. Suena muy macabro tener una réplica de la persona amada a la escala de una muñeca Barbie. El artista Ron Mueck ya lo hizo: hizo una réplica de su padre, desnudo, y lo acostó en cualquier parte de una enorme galería. Una manera de hacerle un homenaje, una manera de decir: estás solo, en medio de cualquier lugar, solo, muerto y frío.
Papá muerto , Ron Mueck.
Otra manera, pero con implicaciones éticas considerables, sería la de clonar a la persona o incluso, a la mascota. Sería extraño ser la madre del padre de uno, pero no sería mala idea tener exactamente el mismo perrito que era tu mascota hasta hace poco.
Creo que los budistas han resuelto mejor el problema de responder a la muerte no haciendo nada más que aceptándola. Aceptando que todos estamos destinados a morir, aceptando que el cambio y lo transitorio es lo único permanente, reconociendo que este mismo instante es lo único que nos pertenece, y que no hay nada más.
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