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El misterioso lenguaje del toro bravo: de la llamada del amor a la voz de la guerra – América 2.1
Victorinos en «Las Tiesas de Santa María» - Reuters El lenguaje del toro forma parte del misterio de la bravura. No hay más fuego en el infierno que en la voz un animal con la casta por bandera. Un animal capaz de emitir distintos sonidos, voces que van desde el pitido al reburdeo, el bramido o el berreo.
Don Álvaro Domecq los definía a la perfección con su sabia, mágica y precisa palabra en «El toro bravo» . Así hablaba de cada uno de esos sonidos, una amplia RAE del lenguaje bravo:
–Pitido : «Cuando los toros pitan, los demás animales acechan. Algo va a pasar. Un vaquero mío, viejo, que no quiere salir de la dehesa y conoce la primavera por el latir del cuco en los chaparros, cuenta a quien quiera oírselo que el día antes de nuestra guerra los toros pitaron».
-Reburdeo: «Es de noche y por la ventana abierta, en la cerca de los eucaliptus, oigo reburdear un macho. Dentro de un minuto reburdearán otros. ¿Qué les pasa? El reburdeo es un ronquido bajo y grave que presagia las ganas de lucha y sangre . El toro posee un olfato muy desarrollado y huele el acre de la sangre desde lejos… Al amanecer salgo con mis vaqueros. Hay un toro caído y la vacada entera le da vueltas, reburdeando. Han acudido hasta los bueyes al careo. El canto funeral en la mañana fría, helada, sobrecoge y mis vaqueros se han vuelto, repentinamente, serios. Pienso en Villalón. Un poeta bastante loco de Morón me contó, por lo bajo, que sus toros -los que ya no eran suyos- reburdearon la noche en que él se fue para siempre».
-Berreo: «Puede ser de miedo, de queja o de nostalgia, de melancolía, y perdonadme esta inevitable utilización de términos humanos que tampoco sirven. En las tientas, los ganaderos apuntamos si el becerro hizo berreo y si éste era del bueno o del malo. Berreo del bueno será cuando un becerro se queje con la boca cerrada; de berrear con la boca abierta, del malo. Es más, los conocedores saben su nota por las tonalidades del berreo de los becerros. Así, berreo de rabia , contenido, hondo: casta, bravura. Berreo de miedo: tarde o temprano cantará la gallina y huirá. No falla». Aclaraba don Álvaro que ese berreo malo con la boca abierta es un detalle de «mala educación », pero que existe a veces en vacas y toros excepcionales. «Sólo es malo cuando lo acompaña la duda en la embestida, la cobardía, el escarbe y la mansedumbre».
El bramido En «El arte de ver toros», Santi Ortiz describe así la voz y el lenguaje del bravo: «A la del macho llámasele bramido, mientras que mugido empléase para el común al toro y a la vaca. Animal parco en voces, su potente bramido de guerra, de amor , de alerta o desafío impone autoritario silencio a la dehesa; por algo será que cuando el mar encabrita sus aguas o el viento huracaniza su potencia dícese en metafórica expresión que «braman»». Y, en su didáctica obra, hace estas distinciones en el lenguaje bovino : bramido (reclamo amoroso de la vaca al macho), piteo (ante un presentimiento), rebufe («resoplido toruno que onomatopeyiza iracundo genio»), reburdeo (bramido más grave y dramático), berreo (como queja o lamento)…
Por su parte, don Álvaro se preguntaba por el bramido, delatador del celo, y hacía alusión a un texto de Díaz Cañabate : «¿Es el bramido el lenguaje de los toros? Pues entonces son poco habladores, porque muy especialmente se les oye. Que el bramido obedece a una causa es más que probable. En opinión del mayoral de aquella ganadería, el bramido es una llamada de amor, es un venteo de la hembra , tan próxima y tan lejana».
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