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Putin redobla su control de internet y nacionaliza VKontakte, la mayor red social de Europa – América 2.1
Pavel Durov, fundador de VKontakte - ABC El mismo procedimiento que el Kremlin empezó a aplicar tras la llegada al poder de Vladímir Putin , en relación con los principales medios de comunicación y, en especial, con los canales de televisión, lo está aplicando ahora con las redes sociales en un intento de controlar todo lo que aparece en internet.
Gazprombank acaba de transferir el 45% de las acciones de MF Technologies JSC a Gazprom-Media Holding JSC, que está dirigida curiosamente por el exdirector de Roskomnadzor Alexánder Zhárov. Roskomnadzor, precisamente, es el órgano regulador de las comunicaciones que está promoviendo demandas contra tecnológicas extranjeras como Google, Meta, Youtube o Tik-Tok.
MF Technologies posee el 57,3% de las acciones con derecho a voto de VKontakte (VK), la mayor red social de Europa y una de las más grandes del mundo.
El holding VK incluye el portal Mail.ru, Odnoklássniki y la propia red social VKontakte.
Representantes de Gazprom-Media, citados por la agencia TASS, aseguraron que este holding es el mayor productor de contenido popular y de mayor demanda del país. El cambio de propietarios de VK ha supuesto también una redistribución diferente en la dirección de la compañía. El nuevo director es ahora Vladímir Kiriyenko , hijo de Serguéi Kiriyenko , el número dos de la Administración del Kremlin.
Paralelamente, Roskomnadzor ha presentado sendas demandas contra las empresas tecnológicas estadounidenses Google y Meta , que serán objeto probablemente de nuevas multas. La causa ha sido que incumplieron la «obligación» de eliminar contenidos vetados.
Roskomnadzor apercibió en octubre tanto a Google de Alphabet como a Facebook de Meta con sanciones cuya cuantía es un porcentaje de su facturación anual. En tales casos, la ley rusa permite que las empresas sean multadas con entre un 5% y un 10% de esa facturación. El Tribunal Taganski de Moscú ha citado en las dos compañías en audiencia para el 24 de diciembre.
En Rusia se observa una tendencia clara hacia un mayor control de internet mediante fuertes presiones a las empresas tecnológicas extranjeras. Desde marzo, el tráfico de Twitter empezó a ser ralentizado y otras empresas han sido multadas. Google, por ejemplo, ha pagado ya más de 32 millones de rublos (unos 380.000 euros) en sanciones en lo que va de año.
Bloqueo de redes privadas virtuales Por si no fuera suficiente, en septiembre, Roskomnadzor bloqueó seis aplicaciones de redes privadas virtuales (VPN), muy utilizadas, que daban acceso a un gran número de páginas web prohibidas en Rusia. En los últimos años, el Gobierno ruso ha bloqueado páginas web que se negaban a revelar sus datos y otras que daban apoyo al principal opositor ruso, Alexéi Navalni .
En marzo, el Kremlin lanzó la advertencia de que las redes sociales extranjeras podrían verse erradicadas en Rusia. El portavoz de la Presidencia, Dmitri Peskov, alertó de que «esperamos no tener que prohibir determinadas redes sociales por criterios de moderación, sobre todo políticos». Twitter estuvo cerca del bloqueo total. «Nadie quiere una prohibición completa, sería insensato defender eso. Pero tenemos que obligar a estar empresas a respetar nuestras reglas», advirtió Peskov. Según sus palabras, «ningún Estado que se respete no dejaría que una compañía le imponga sus condiciones».
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