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Ramón Peña / En pocas palabras: Del capitalismo chino – América 2.1 Nunca imaginó Mao Tse Tung, que su ideal de sociedad comunista, llevado a los linderos del delirio en la Revolución Cultural de los años sesenta, terminaría remedando al capitalismo que repudió durante toda su existencia. En China, priva un oxímoron: el comunismo capitalista. Éste, inevitablemente, sometido a los mismos altibajos que, ocasionalmente, aquejan a las sociedades regidas por las normas de la propiedad privada y el mercado.
Hoy, luego de un sostenido período de auge, China registra un fuerte deterioro en sus principales indicadores macroeconómicos: desaceleración importante del PIB, caída de sus exportaciones, contracción de la demanda agregada, devaluación del yuan y hasta deflación de precios. No se materializó la dinamización esperada al término del periodo de cero Covid-19,
Intentando sostener el ritmo de crecimiento, las autoridades presionaron a bancos y empresas constructoras a enormes inversiones en el sector inmobiliario. Bajo un precario control financiero, la banca proliferó en créditos hipotecarios blandos, dando lugar a una gigantesca burbuja de construcción, que llegó a consumir 60% del cemento y 50% del acero mundiales. Ahora, yacen millones de viviendas entre inconclusas o vacías por impagadas, desvalorizadas, que han acarreado la quiebra de gigantescas corporaciones inmobiliarias privadas
El episodio evoca la burbuja inmobiliaria de EE.UU. en 2008, que tuvo ruinosas consecuencias mundiales a través de los fondos de inversión. En este caso las secuelas parecieran limitarse al ámbito interno de China.
Bajo la guía del Partido Comunista, prospera el capitalismo chino. Unos cuantos de sus plutócratas ya figuran en la lista Forbes de los 50 mayores multimillonarios del mundo. Una vía expedita para acercarse a las riberas de la élite es la afiliación al partido, cuyo carnet abre puertas a la acumulación personal, cada vez más salpicada de corrupción, en este capitalismo de nuevo cuño. El sueño del Gran Timonel al menos se cumplió en que el poder perdura en manos del Partido Comunista.
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