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Cisnes negros – América 2.1
Hace 48 horas nos hubiera parecido posible una nueva pandemia, el estallido de otra guerra, un terremoto, una dana, el impacto de un meteorito o incluso una catástrofe nuclear. Pero sucedió lo que nadie había previsto y lo que Sánchez había asegurado que jamás sucedería: un apagón eléctrico .
Nassim Taleb llamó ‘cisnes negros’ a los fenómenos que surgen de forma totalmente imprevista sea por causas naturales o por la acción humana. El ataque a las Torres Gemelas, la crisis financiera de 2008 o el coronavirus son tres ejemplos diversos. Podríamos encuadrar al apagón en esos ‘cisnes negros’ si no fuera porque los expertos señalaron ayer que la caída del sistema eléctrico estaba vinculada a una mala gestión de la red, que se desconectó de las fuentes que generan la energía. Sánchez afirmó que desaparecieron cinco gigavatios en unos pocos segundos, lo que no es cierto: la energía no desaparece, se transforma.
Todo apunta a que la responsabilidad del desastre reside en Red Eléctrica, una empresa participada por el Estado. El Gobierno designa al presidente de esta sociedad que cotiza en Bolsa y que distribuye la electricidad que producen otros por toda la Península. Ni hubo un ataque de un ‘hacker’ misterioso ni hubo una acción humana voluntaria para dejar sin luz a todo el país. Anteayer descubrimos que cosas tan triviales como tener un transistor de radio, pilas, botellas de agua, dinero en efectivo y un camping gas pueden ayudarnos a soportar situaciones como éstas. Pero también volvimos a constatar la incapacidad del Estado para informar a los ciudadanos y garantizar los suministros básicos. La gestión informativa del Gobierno fue nefasta porque, cuando Sánchez aconsejó no coger el coche, los accesos a Madrid llevaban bloqueados más de tres horas.
Tiempo habrá de profundizar en todas estas cuestiones, pero lo que me parece más relevante es la nueva demostración de la vulnerabilidad de nuestra forma de vivir. Somos absolutamente dependientes de la electricidad que llega a nuestras casas y lo que hoy sabemos es que el suministro no está asegurado, No se pueden descartar nuevos apagones en los próximos meses, según los expertos.
Los avances científicos y las tecnologías de la información nos facilitan la existencia, nos conectan con el prójimo y aumentan nuestro nivel de confort, pero al mismo tiempo nos hacen vulnerables. La vida de una persona puede depender de que un enchufe funcione. A la especie humana le sucede como a Ícaro, al que el sol fundió la cera de las alas con las que volaba. La humanidad ha volado tan alto que se ha convertido en vulnerable a factores que no controla. Piénsese, por ejemplo, en el desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial que nos abre un horizonte de posibilidades que ni siquiera somos capaces de imaginar .
Donald Rumsfeld decía que hay cosas que sabemos que sabemos, que hay cosas que sabemos que no sabemos, pero lo inquietante es que hay cosas que no sabemos que no sabemos. Eso son ‘los cisnes negros’ que de improviso nos enfrentan a esa vulnerabilidad de los seres humanos que nos cuesta tanto asumir.
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